Sharper Thinking. Every Day.

References

Peer-reviewed Photobiomodulation Citations

Mechanism descriptions in the conditions table above are sourced from the following peer-reviewed studies. Numbers correspond to superscripts.

1. Eshaghi, E., Sadigh-Eteghad, S., Mohaddes, G. and Rasta, S.H. (2019), Transcranial photobiomodulation prevents anxiety and depression via changing serotonin and nitric oxide levels in brain of depression model mice: A study of three different doses of 810 nm laser. Lasers Surg. Med., 51: 634-642. https://doi.org/10.1002/lsm.23082

2. Zhang R, Zhou T, Samanta S, Luo Z, Li S, Xu H and Qu J (2022) Synergistic photobiomodulation with 808-nm and 1064-nm lasers to reduce the β-amyloid neurotoxicity in the in vitro Alzheimer's disease models. Front. Neuroimaging 1:903531. doi: 10.3389/fnimg.2022.903531

3. Fradkin Y, Anguera JA, Simon AJ, De Taboada L and Steingold E (2025) Transcranial photobiomodulation for reducing symptoms of autism spectrum disorder and modulating brain electrophysiology in children aged 2–7: an open label study. Front. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry 4:1477839. doi: 10.3389/frcha.2025.1477839

4. Hamblin M. R. (2018). Photobiomodulation for traumatic brain injury and stroke. Journal of neuroscience research, 96(4), 731–743. https://doi.org/10.1002/jnr.24190

5. Inhibition of apoptosis and neuroprotective factors Bicknell, B., Liebert, A., & Herkes, G. (2024). Parkinson's Disease and Photobiomodulation: Potential for Treatment. Journal of personalized medicine, 14(1), 112. https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm14010112

6. Michael Lundie, Mia Koch, Audrey Villanueva, Thuan Nguyen, Camille Garner, Mehak Satsangi, Pavan Advani, Daniel Krawczyk, Illuminating Cognitive Performance: Assessing the Role of Transcranial Photobiomodulation in Augmenting Cognition, Military Medicine, Volume 190, Issue Supplement_2, September/October 2025, Pages 456–463, https://doi.org/10.1093/milmed/usaf227

7. Zhao, H., Li, Y., Luo, T. et al. Preventing Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) in rats with pulsed 810 nm laser transcranial phototherapy. Transl Psychiatry 13, 281 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41398-023-02583-3

8. Valverde, A., Hamilton, C., Moro, C., Billeres, M., Magistretti, P., & Mitrofanis, J. (2023). Lights at night: does photobiomodulation improve sleep?. Neural regeneration research, 18(3), 474–477. https://doi.org/10.4103/1673-5374.350191

9. Lai, Q.-J., Chen, Y., Liu, L., Li, H.-M., Pan, M.-R., Wang, Y.-F., Niu, H.-J., & Qian, Q.-J. (2025). Repetitive transcranial photobiomodulation improves working memory and attention in adults with ADHD: A 4‑week follow‑up study. Photobiomodulation, Photomedicine, and Laser Surgery, 43(5), 190–197. https://doi.org/10.1089/photob.2025.0008